Guide students to a comfortable seated position on the mat, eyes closed. If possible, have the class face the direction of the Sun. If indoors, invite students to simply imagine the Sun's presence ahead of them.
"Close your eyes. Sit tall. Feel the warmth on your face -- real or imagined.
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In the yoga tradition, the Sun -- Surya -- is considered the first and original Guru. The word 'Guru' means 'remover of darkness.' 'Gu' is darkness, 'Ru' is the one who removes it. And what removes darkness better than the Sun?
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Think about this: every single morning, without fail, the Sun rises. No one asks it to. No one pays it. No one thanks it. And yet it gives -- light, warmth, energy -- to every living being equally. The trees, the animals, the rivers, the rich, the poor -- the Sun does not discriminate. It simply shines.
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Today's practice is a devotional offering to that selfless energy. Every movement we make will be a Namaskar -- a salutation -- to the source that sustains all life.
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Set a quiet intention for yourself: Like the Sun, I give without expecting return.
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Let us begin with three deep breaths. With each inhale, imagine drawing in warm, golden light -- the light of the Sun filling your chest, your belly, your whole body."
Breath 1: Inhale deeply through the nose -- draw in warm golden light (4 counts)... Exhale slowly -- release anything heavy (6 counts).
Breath 2: Inhale -- golden light fills the chest and belly (4 counts)... Exhale -- let the body soften (6 counts).
Breath 3: Inhale -- the whole body glows with warmth (4 counts)... Exhale through the nose -- settle into stillness (6 counts).
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Story: Before we salute the Sun, we open the front of the body to receive its light. Ardha Chakrasana arches the body backward like the first rays of dawn bending over the horizon. The word "Chakra" means wheel -- and the wheel represents the cycle of the Sun: rising, setting, and rising again. Every backbend is an act of openness and courage. We expose the heart, the throat, the belly -- the most vulnerable parts of us -- to the sky. This is how we prepare to receive.
Hold: 15-20 seconds.
Modification: Keep the backbend very gentle -- even a small lift of the chest is enough. Only go as far as is comfortable. Hands stay firmly pressed into the lower back for support at all times. If there is any sharp sensation in the lower back, reduce the depth immediately.
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Story: We visited Tadasana on Day 1, where it was the foundation of our grounding practice. Today it means something different. Today, Tadasana represents the stillness before the Sun rises. Imagine the mountain in the last moments of night -- dark, silent, waiting. The mountain has watched the sunrise every single day for millions of years, and it remains unchanged. It does not rush the Sun. It does not fidget. It simply stands. Before the flowing sequence of Surya Namaskar, we find this moment of absolute stillness. The mountain teaches patience.
Hold: 30 seconds to 1 minute.
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Story: The butterfly emerges from its cocoon and spreads its wings in the morning sun. It does not fly immediately -- first it sits, opens and closes its wings slowly, warming them, drying them, preparing them for flight. Baddha Konasana opens the hips and inner thighs -- areas where we hold deep tension from sitting, driving, and daily life. As we prepare for the flowing movement of Surya Namaskar, we need freedom in the hips to allow the lunges, the folds, and the transitions to move with ease. The gentle fluttering of the knees up and down resembles that butterfly warming its wings before its first flight of the day.
Duration: ~1 minute fluttering + ~30 seconds still hold.
Modification: Sit on a folded blanket to elevate the hips -- this immediately reduces strain on the inner thighs. Place yoga blocks or folded towels under each knee for support, so the legs can rest rather than hang in space.
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Story: Surya Namaskar is traditionally performed at sunrise, facing east, as a devotional offering to the Sun. This is not merely exercise -- it is prayer in motion. Each of the 12 positions in the sequence corresponds to one of the 12 names of the Sun God, called the Surya Mantras. Together, these 12 names describe the Sun's qualities: friend, nurturer, illuminator, giver of strength, source of enlightenment.
The practice combines forward bends, backbends, and inversions in one single, flowing cycle. It is often called "a complete practice in itself" because it stretches and strengthens every major muscle group, massages the internal organs, regulates the breath, and focuses the mind. When performed with breath awareness and devotion, Surya Namaskar transforms from physical exercise into moving meditation -- each posture a word, each breath a syllable, the whole sequence a prayer spoken by the body.
We will learn the 12 positions, then flow through multiple rounds.
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Mantra: Om Mitraya Namah -- Salutations to the friend of all.
Breath: Exhale completely.
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Mantra: Om Ravaye Namah -- Salutations to the shining one.
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Mantra: Om Suryaya Namah -- Salutations to the one who induces activity.
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Mantra: Om Bhanave Namah -- Salutations to the one who illumines.
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Mantra: Om Khagaya Namah -- Salutations to the one who moves through the sky.
Breath: Hold the breath (or exhale if holding is uncomfortable).
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Mantra: Om Pushne Namah -- Salutations to the giver of strength.
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Mantra: Om Hiranya Garbhaya Namah -- Salutations to the golden cosmic self.
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Mantra: Om Marichaye Namah -- Salutations to the lord of the dawn.
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Mantra: Om Adityaya Namah -- Salutations to the son of Aditi.
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Mantra: Om Savitre Namah -- Salutations to the stimulating power of the Sun.
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Mantra: Om Arkaya Namah -- Salutations to the one who is worthy of praise.
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Mantra: Om Bhaskaraya Namah -- Salutations to the one who leads to enlightenment.
Note: This completes one HALF round (right side). For a full round, repeat the entire sequence stepping the LEFT leg back in Position 4 and bringing the LEFT foot forward in Position 9. One full round = right side + left side.
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Round 1 -- Learning (slow and deliberate):
Round 3 -- Flowing:
Rounds 4-5 (optional, for students who are ready):
After the final round:
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Story: We met Utkatasana on Day 1 as a pose of fierce determination. Today it means something different. Today, Utkatasana connects to the solar plexus -- the Manipura Chakra -- which is the body's fire center, located behind the navel. The Sun's energy lives in our core. After the flowing heat of Surya Namaskar, we stoke that fire even further. Utkatasana activates what the yogis call Agni -- the digestive fire, the fire of transformation. It is the same fire that the Sun provides to ripen fruits and grow crops. That fire also lives inside us. Here, we cultivate it deliberately.
Hold: 30 seconds to 1 minute.
Modification: Do not sit as deep -- even a slight bend in the knees activates the legs and core. Hands can come to the heart center in prayer position instead of overhead, reducing the demand on the shoulders.
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Story: We practiced Padahastasana on Day 1 as a forward fold of surrender. Today it appears in a new light -- as an extension of Surya Namaskar. Positions 3 and 10 of the Sun Salutation are both Padahastasana, but in the flow we moved through them quickly. Now we hold it longer, going deeper. The Sun bows to the horizon every evening -- and it is not diminished by bowing. It does not become less by going low. In yoga, bowing to the earth -- Pranam -- is an act of gratitude, not submission. The deeper we bow, the more we honor what supports us.
Hold: 30 seconds to 1 minute.
Modification: Bend the knees generously -- as much as needed to bring the hands to the floor or to the shins. The goal is a long spine and relaxed head, not straight legs. Hands can rest on the shins, on blocks, or simply hang toward the floor.
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Story: In the Surya Namaskar sequence, Position 7 is the full Bhujangasana -- the Cobra rising with power. Here we practice the gentler half version as a cool-down from the intensity of the flow. The snake sheds its skin to renew itself -- it does not become a different creature, just a fresher version of what it already was. The Sun, too, "dies" each evening and is "reborn" each morning. It is the same Sun, but new. Ardha Bhujangasana is that gentle rebirth. Not the full, dramatic rising of the Cobra, but the quiet, soft awakening. The eyes barely open. The chest lifts just enough. It is morning, and there is no rush.
Hold: 30 seconds. Rest for a few breaths. Repeat twice (total of 2 holds).
Modification: No modification needed -- this IS the modification of full Cobra. If even this feels too much for the lower back, prop the elbows slightly forward of the shoulders to reduce the arch.
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After the heat and intensity of Surya Namaskar, the spine needs gentle release. Twists wring out tension the way you wring water from a cloth -- compressing and then releasing, allowing fresh blood and Prana to flow into the spine.
Breath: Inhale to create length. Exhale to deepen the twist. Never force. The breath does the work.
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Story: "Kapal" means skull. "Bhati" means shining or illuminating. This pranayama literally "makes the skull shine" -- it clears the mind, energizes the body, and burns away mental fog. It is considered a Kriya -- a cleansing technique -- in the Hatha Yoga tradition, not merely a breathing exercise. Just as the Sun clears away the darkness of night each morning, Kapalbhati clears lethargy and dullness from the mind. It stokes the Agni -- that same internal fire we have been building all class through Surya Namaskar. Think of each exhale as a small bellows pumping the fire brighter.
Important Caution (announce before starting): Students with high blood pressure, heart conditions, hernia, acid reflux, or who are pregnant should skip Kapalbhati entirely and instead practice slow, deep breathing while the rest of the class proceeds.
Important distinction from Bhastrika (Day 3): In Kapalbhati, only the exhale is active -- the inhale is passive and automatic. In Bhastrika, both the inhale and exhale are forceful and active. These are different techniques with different effects. Do not confuse them.
Demonstrate clearly before beginning. Show the belly pumping on the exhale, and the natural, effortless expansion on the inhale.
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Instructions:
Guided Relaxation:
"Feel the warmth of the practice radiating through your body, like the Sun's rays spreading across the sky at dawn.
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Let that warmth move through the legs... the hips... the belly... the chest. Feel it in the arms, the hands, the fingertips. Let it soften the muscles of the face. Let it reach the space behind the eyes.
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Your body is glowing -- not from effort, but from offering. Every Surya Namaskar you practiced today was not just exercise. It was a salutation. A thank-you. A prayer offered through the body.
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The Sun rises every day without fail. It doesn't ask, 'Who deserves my light today?' It shines equally on all. Today you honored that selfless energy with your practice. You moved, you breathed, you bowed, you rose -- again and again -- just as the Sun does.
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As you leave this mat, carry one thing with you: the most powerful thing you can do is give without keeping score. Every class we take together, every offering we make to the temple, is like the Sun's rays -- small individually, but together they sustain life. Together they build something greater than any one of us.
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Rest now. Let the Sun's warmth hold you."
Allow 1-2 minutes of complete silence.
Gentle Return:
"Begin to deepen the breath. Wiggle the fingers and toes -- small movements first, like the first light of dawn.
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Stretch the arms overhead if it feels good. Take a full-body stretch.
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Gently roll to your right side. Rest there for a moment in a fetal position -- this is how we are reborn from Shavasana, just as the Sun is reborn each morning.
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When you are ready, use your left hand to press yourself up to a seated position. Keep the eyes soft or closed."
Closing:
"Bring the palms together at the heart. Bow the head gently toward the hands.
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The light in me honors the light in you -- and together, we are the Sun.
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Namaste."
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Day 4 of the Volunteer Yoga Series -- all offerings support the temple expansion.